Release date: 20 July Print this Article. Download as PDF. This article is intended to provide information on long-term trends alongside additional data on the characteristics of victims and nature of crime. It may not include the most recent published data, which can be found in the latest quarterly Crime in England and Wales release.
A person commits robbery if in the course of stealing or attempting to steal from someone, they use force or the threat of force. This includes snatch thefts where some degree of force is directed to the property but not to the victim and stealth thefts where the victim is unaware of the offence being committed, for example, pick-pocketing.
Unlike robbery, these offences do not involve violence or threats to the victim. There can sometimes be a subtle distinction between robbery and theft from the person if, for example, minimal force is directed toward the victim during the course of a robbery and, as such, these offences do share common drivers, given the principal aim with both is to acquire property.
These offences are included in the Crime Survey for England and Wales CSEW and police recorded crime data, although the information available from each source and their coverage differ. Police recorded crime covers both robbery of personal property and business property and these are separately identifiable in the published data. Data are also available on the numbers of robbery offences involving the use of a knife or sharp instrument.
The CSEW is a survey of the population resident in households and, as such, information collected on robbery offences only relate to personal property and not of business property. Being a relatively low-volume offence, despite the large CSEW sample, the number of respondents who have been victims in the past year can be quite small.
This means that although the CSEW provides a good indication of long-term and national trends, estimates tend to fluctuate from year to year and the police recorded crime series may provide a better measure of short-term and subnational trends. These sub categories form part of the typology developed for the CSEW and are not separate criminal offences, but provide some additional information about the manner in which the incident occurred.
But, police recorded crime data are available for total theft from the person offences at subnational level, where the sample size of the CSEW is not large enough to yield estimates with reasonable levels of precision. The Crime Survey for England and Wales CSEW has collected information on crimes, including robbery and theft from the person, experienced by respondents in a consistent manner since the survey first ran in and thus estimates are directly comparable across the history of the survey.
Care should be taken with regard to historical police recorded crime data, as changes to recording practices following the introduction of the new Home Office Counting Rules HOCR in April and the National Crime Recording Standard NCRS in April typically resulted in an increase in the number of crimes recorded. The long-term trends in robbery as measured by the CSEW and police recorded crime are broadly similar. The estimated number of CSEW robbery incidents rose sharply through much of the s peaking at , 2 in the year to December ; this increase is consistent with the general increase in crime during this period.
From then onwards, there has been a general pattern of decline reaching a low of 89, 3 incidents in the survey year ending March , albeit with some substantial year-on-year fluctuation. The numbers of police recorded robberies rose steadily throughout the s and up until the mids, before rising sharply year-on-year between and There has, however, been an increase in the number of robberies recorded by the police in the year ending March , though it is not clear at this stage whether this represents a change in the longer-term downward trend.
Police recorded crime data separately categorising robbery of personal property and business property were first collected in the year ending March CSEW data on this chart refer to different time periods: a to refer to crimes experienced in the calendar year January to December b from year ending March onwards the estimates relate to crimes experienced in the 12 months before interview, based on interviews carried out in that financial year April to March.
Since the year ending March , when information for the separate offence classifications was first available, around 9 in 10 robberies recorded by the police were of personal property and around 1 in 10 of business property. Robbery is one of the seven offences recorded by the police for which additional information is collected from the police regarding the use of a knife or sharp instrument during the course of the offence.
Since comparable data are first available from April onwards , there has been a drop of around 3, robberies recorded by the police that involved a knife or sharp instrument between the year ending March and the year ending March , although there was an increase of around 2, offences between the year ending March and the year ending March This drop has mirrored the fall in all robberies recorded by the police over the same period and hence the proportion of all robberies that have involved a knife or other sharp instrument has remained consistent, at around 1 in 5.
The trends in theft from the person as measured by the CSEW and police recorded crime are broadly similar. However, the substantial year-on-year fluctuation in the CSEW estimates over time, owing to the low-volume of these offences, makes short-term trends in CSEW theft from the person more difficult to ascertain. The estimated numbers of CSEW theft from the person incidents rose sharply through the early s and generally declined until the late s, albeit with some substantial year-to-year fluctuation.
Since then, while there have been some year-on-year increases, there has been a general decline in the number of theft from the person incidents down to , 5 in the survey year ending March Although typically around two to three times as prevalent as robbery, theft from the person is still a relatively low-volume offence. This compares with around 16 in 1, adults in the year ending December , meaning that adults are currently around half as likely to be a victim of theft from the person as in The trend in police recorded theft from the person offences was relatively flat throughout the s between around 30, to 35, offences , gradually increasing through to the mids and more sharply increasing between the year ending December and the year ending March from just under 60, offences to almost , offences.
Since the year ending March , the trend has generally been one of decline falling to a low of just under 80, offences in the year ending March There was, however, a period between the year ending March and the year ending March where consecutive year-on-year increases were seen; this was also seen more recently between the year ending March and the year ending March The increases in these offences recorded by the police between the year ending March and the year ending March are thought to have been driven by thefts of smartphones.
The subsequent decreases may, in part, be explained by improvements to mobile phone security and theft prevention the Home Office report Reducing mobile phone theft and improving security published in September has more information.
CSEW data on robbery and theft from the person are also available for children aged 10 to In the survey year ending March there were an estimated 41, 6 incidents of robbery and 36, 7 incidents of theft from the person experienced by children aged 10 to Given the small sample size for the to year-old element of the CSEW, estimates for both these offences can greatly fluctuate over time and as a result trends can be difficult to interpret.
Mens rea: intention, recklessness, negligence and gross negligence 4. Strict, vicarious and corporate liability 5.
Secondary participation: parties to a crime 6. Homicide 1: murder 7. Homicide 2: voluntary and involuntary manslaughter 8. Defences of incapacity and mental conditions 9.
Defences of compulsion Non-fatal offences against the person Sexual offences Property offences 1: theft, robbery and handling Property offences 2: fraud and making off without payment Property offences 3: burglary, blackmail and criminal damage Inchoate offences: attempt, conspiracy and assisting and encouraging under the Serious Crime Act End Matter Index. Property offences 1: theft, robbery and handling p.
Property offences 1: theft, robbery and handling. Keywords property offences Great Britain theft dishonesty robbery handling actus reus mens rea Theft Act UK We use some essential cookies to make this website work.
Accept additional cookies Reject additional cookies View cookies. Hide this message. Home Pets. Press release Pet abduction to be made new criminal offence in crackdown on pet theft.
Pet Theft Taskforce delivers report with recommendations to tackle reported rise of pet theft Government working with the police to improve recording and tracking of pet abduction cases Improvements to pet microchipping processes to support the identification of lost and stolen dogs A new criminal offence for pet abduction is set to be introduced under government plans to crack down on pet theft following a reported rise in pets being stolen during the pandemic.
Identifying and tracking cases: Reliable data on pet theft is limited and improved recording and data collection about these crimes will build a stronger evidence base about the problem. Improving the recording of ownership and transfer data: New requirements to register additional details and a single point of access to microchipping databases will support tracking lost and stolen dogs.
Tackling the fear of crime: Police will work together with partner agencies to raise awareness about police initiatives and prevention measures These changes will make it easier for the police to track pet abduction incidents making it easier to clamp down on offenders. Environment Secretary George Eustice said: Pets are much loved members of the family in households up and down the country, and reports of a rise in pet theft have been worrying.
Home Secretary Priti Patel said: Stealing a pet is an awful crime which can cause families great emotional distress whilst callous criminals line their pockets.
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